According to the 2010 census 70.2% of the population are Muslim with Christians being the second largest religious group in Bahrain forming 14.5% of the population and Hindus making up 9.8% and Buddhists making 2.5%. The 4 major religions in Bahrain are Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism with numerous other faiths including Bahā'i), Sikhs, Druze.

Regarding the ethnicity of Bahrainis is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Discounting temporary immigrants of the past ten years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island. 

Non-nationals make up more than half of the population of Bahrain, with immigrants making up about 55% of the overall population.Of those, the vast majority come from South and Southeast Asia: according to various media reports and government statistics dated between 2005-2009 roughly 290,000 Indians, 125,000 Bangladeshis, 45,000 Pakistanis, 45,000 Filipinos, and 8,000 Indonesians.

Birth registration of Bahrain is available from 1976, death registration started in 1990. Between 1976 and 2011 the number of baby births roughly doubled but the birth rate of babies decreased from 32 to 13 per 1,000. The death rate of Bahrain (1.9 per 1,000 human beings in 2011) is among the lowest in the world.
 

Islam is the official religion forming 70.2% of the population.Current census data does not differentiate between the other religions in Bahrain, but there are about 1,000 Christian citizens and about 40 Jewish citizens.

Muslims belong to the Shi'a and Sunni branches of Islam. There are no official figures, but the Shi'a constitute 60-70% of the Bahraini Muslim population.(p13) Foreigners, overwhelmingly from South Asia and other Arab countries, constituted 54% of the population in 2010. Of these, 45% are Muslim and 55% are non-Muslim, including Christians (primarily: Catholic, Protestant, Syrian Orthodox, and Mar Thoma from South India), Hindus, Bahá'ís, Buddhists, and Sikhs.

Median age[edit]

Population pyramid of Bahrain in 2012.

Total: 31.1 years

Male: 32.5 years

Female: 28.3 years (2012 est.)

Urbanization[edit]

Urban population: 89% of total population (2010)

Rate of urbanization: 7.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sex ratio[edit]

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.75 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female

Total population: 1.54 male(s)/female (2012 est.)

Maternal mortality[edit]

20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010 est.).

county comparison to the world: 139

Health expenditure[edit]

14.5% of total GDP (2009)

country comparison to the world: 49

HIV/AIDS[edit]

Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2001 est.)

county comparison to the world: 95

People with HIV/AIDS: Fewer than 600 (2007 est.)

county comparison to the world: 148

Deaths: Fewer than 200 (2003 est.)

county comparison to the world: 107

Languages[edit]

Arabic

English

Balochi

Persian

Kurdish

Urdu

Malayalam

Hindi

Sinhalese

Tamil

Punjabi

Bangla

Armenian

Literacy and education

Bahrain has traditionally boasted an advanced educational system. Schooling and related costs are entirely paid for by the government, and, although not compulsory, primary and secondary attendance rates are high. Bahrain also encourages institutions of higher learning, drawing on expatriate talent and the increasing pool of Bahrainis returning from abroad with advanced degrees. University of Bahrain was established in 1986 for standard undergraduate and graduate study, and the College of Health Sciences operating under the direction of the Ministry of Health trains physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedics.

Overall literacy is 94.6% (96.1% for men and 91.6% for women) (2010 census).

Education expenditure[edit]

2.9% of total GDP (2008)

country comparison to the world: 135